FCT (Functional Test) is typically a final quality control performed in the last phase of product test. FCT should verify that the UUT (Unit Under Test) fulfills its functional specifications. FCT requires to simulate the operational environment of the product (whether by hardware or software) in order to check its correct functionality. Mostly a kind of "Test software" is needed to perform the FCT.

ISP (In System Programming) means programm micro controllers, logic devices or other programmable electronic chips ready implemented in final device. So no need to program before mounting. For this reason there is need of hardware connection on PCB to realize the connection to the external unit (simulation of enviroment).